| Panel A: Outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| International Migration (=1) |
18.55 |
(38.87) |
23.07 |
(42.13) |
5.8 |
(23.37) |
17.28*** |
(0.35) |
| Currently Abroad (=1) |
13.72 |
(34.41) |
17.3 |
(37.83) |
3.63 |
(18.7) |
13.67*** |
(0.3) |
| Return Migrant (=1) |
6.09 |
(23.91) |
7.78 |
(26.79) |
2.29 |
(14.94) |
5.5*** |
(0.24) |
| Internal Migration (=1) |
5.74 |
(23.27) |
7.27 |
(25.96) |
1.45 |
(11.95) |
5.82*** |
(0.2) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Panel B: Exposure to Conflict |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Months of War (own district) |
53.28 |
(16.73) |
53.48 |
(16.74) |
52.72 |
(16.68) |
0.76*** |
(0.2) |
| Casualties (own district) |
242.35 |
(174.61) |
245.14 |
(176.12) |
234.5 |
(170.04) |
10.64*** |
(2.03) |
| Months of War (own district, fatal) |
49.54 |
(16.57) |
49.69 |
(16.6) |
49.1 |
(16.46) |
0.6*** |
(0.19) |
| Casualties (own district, fatal) |
210.84 |
(158.52) |
212.87 |
(159.97) |
205.11 |
(154.21) |
7.76*** |
(1.84) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Panel C: Demographics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Age |
35.02 |
(12.05) |
28.49 |
(5.19) |
53.46 |
(4.27) |
-24.97*** |
(0.05) |
| Age at Conflict Start |
14.02 |
(12.05) |
7.49 |
(5.19) |
32.46 |
(4.27) |
-24.97*** |
(0.05) |
| Male (=1) |
51.1 |
(49.99) |
51.44 |
(49.98) |
50.15 |
(50) |
1.28** |
(0.59) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Panel D: Education (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No Education |
3.47 |
(18.3) |
2.56 |
(15.81) |
8.76 |
(28.28) |
-6.2*** |
(0.46) |
| Primary (1-5) |
23.25 |
(42.24) |
20.42 |
(40.31) |
39.79 |
(48.95) |
-19.37*** |
(0.82) |
| Secondary (6-12) |
64.22 |
(47.94) |
67.35 |
(46.9) |
45.9 |
(49.84) |
21.45*** |
(0.85) |
| Tertiary |
9.07 |
(28.72) |
9.67 |
(29.56) |
5.55 |
(22.9) |
4.12*** |
(0.41) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Panel E: Ethnicity (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hill High Caste |
37.12 |
(48.31) |
36.85 |
(48.24) |
37.85 |
(48.5) |
-0.99* |
(0.57) |
| Hill Janajati |
28.47 |
(45.13) |
27.95 |
(44.88) |
29.94 |
(45.8) |
-1.99*** |
(0.54) |
| Terai/Madhesi |
18.03 |
(38.44) |
18.49 |
(38.82) |
16.73 |
(37.32) |
1.76*** |
(0.45) |
| Dalit |
13.44 |
(34.1) |
13.67 |
(34.35) |
12.78 |
(33.39) |
0.88** |
(0.4) |
| Muslim |
2.94 |
(16.91) |
3.03 |
(17.15) |
2.7 |
(16.2) |
0.34* |
(0.19) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Panel F: Occupation (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Agriculture |
8.76 |
(28.28) |
6.61 |
(24.85) |
17.34 |
(37.87) |
-10.73*** |
(0.67) |
| High Skilled |
11.13 |
(31.46) |
11.11 |
(31.43) |
11.21 |
(31.56) |
-0.1 |
(0.59) |
| Service & Clerical |
27.68 |
(44.74) |
28.41 |
(45.1) |
24.78 |
(43.18) |
3.63*** |
(0.82) |
| Craft & Manufacturing |
23.34 |
(42.3) |
23.24 |
(42.24) |
23.73 |
(42.55) |
-0.49 |
(0.8) |
| Elementary/Low Skilled |
27.3 |
(44.55) |
28.48 |
(45.13) |
22.59 |
(41.83) |
5.88*** |
(0.8) |
| Armed Forces |
1.79 |
(13.25) |
2.15 |
(14.51) |
0.34 |
(5.83) |
1.81*** |
(0.16) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| N |
37174 |
|
27444 |
|
9730 |
|
|
|